Asthma Treatment Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 862 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Asthma Essay Did you like this example? Asthma is a condition which causes difficulty breathing. People with asthma become very sensitive to irritants such as smoke and allergens, which prompts the hallmarks of asthma to appear. It is characterized by inflammation, narrowing of the airways and over production of mucus. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Asthma Treatment Management" essay for you Create order It is chronic and very common, affecting over twenty-five million Americans each year. It can cause a variety of symptoms, from wheezing to chest pressure. Although it is chronic and has the potential to be deadly, with proper treatment an asthmatic individual can lead a comfortable and healthy life. Asthma is a disease that affects the airways of lungs. In asthma patients, the inside airways of the lungs, known as bronchial tubes, become swollen and inflamed. The redness and inflammation can be made worse by certain triggers such as allergens. Normally, air passes through the bronchioles, but asthma makes it difficult to do so by building up excess mucus, which narrows the airway. The pathophysiology of asthma has made great strides in recent decades due to researchers finding out more of how the disease functions and discovering various types. Asthma may be classified in several different ways. It may be acute or chronic, acute referring to single episode while chronic refers to a long-term, persisting condition. There are three phases of response that take place in asthmatic patient. First is the sensitization stage, which occurs via exposure to allergens in early life. It stimulates production of excess immunoglobulin antibodies (IgE) in the serum. IgE becomes fixed to mast cells, which then react to antigens by releasing bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine. This is where the tightening and bronchiole constriction symptoms c ome from. Serum IgE is five times greater in people with asthma than in those without. The second stage is called the hyperreactive stage, where continued exposure to allergens or response to other stimuli leads to mast cell degranulation and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Chronic inflammation damages the surface of epithelial layer causing hyperreactivity of bronchial smooth muscle. Lastly, hyperreactive bronchial smooth muscle leads to exaggerated bronchoconstriction. Some of the things that trigger this include some food products, animals, smoking, cold weather, dust, drugs, strenuous physical exercise, and heightened anxious emotional states such as depression. Other symptoms associated with asthma pathophysiology are edema, vascular congestion, and the production of excess mucus which narrows the airways. There is no single cause of asthma, but certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing it. These factors can be both genetic and environmental. A family history of asthma or other related allergic conditions, having bronchiolitis as a child, maternal smoking during pregnancy and premature birth. Developing a food allergy, having a low birth weight and being exposed to tobacco smoke as a child are also risk factors. Additional causes ca n include viral upper respiratory infection, a sedentary lifestyle, and increased air pollution. Asthma is more common in males during childhood but shifts to become more common in females after puberty. The best course of treatment for asthma depends largely on what type of asthma an individual has, chronic or acute. For people who experience acute bouts of asthma, a rescue inhaler may be a good option. It helps open the airways in the event of a sudden asthma attack. For individuals with chronic asthma, they may need medication to both prevent symptoms and manage them when they occur. An example may be a rescue inhaler that can be taken as needed in conjunction with a longer-acting inhaler or oral steroids. The following will be a thorough list of long and short-term treatments and an explanation of how they work. Inhaled corticosteroids prevent and reduce airway swelling. They also reduce mucus in the lungs. They are the most effective long-term control medicines available and a top choice for most people. Long-acting beta agonists open the airways by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways. They are usually used in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid. Combination inhaled medicines contain both an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta agonist. Biologics are shots or infusions given every few weeks. They work by targeting a cell or protein to prevent airway inflammation. Leukotriene modifiers reduce swelling inside the airways and relax smooth muscles. Cromolyn sodium prevents airways from swelling when they come into contact with an asthma trigger. Theophylline, like Leukotriene, opens the airways by relaxing the smooth muscles. Oral corticosteroids are used as long-term therapy for people with severe asthma or asthma that doesnt respond well to other treatments. Rescue options include beta agonists which relax the smooth muscles around the airways, anticholinergics which open the airways by relaxing the smooth muscles and reduce mucous production, and combination medicines contain anticholinergic and beta agonists. Citations How is asthma treated? (2015, September). Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Retrieved December 5, 2018 Jr, W. C. (n.d.). Asthma Symptoms, Causes, and Medications. Retrieved from https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/asthma_lung_inflammation LaMort, W., Boston University School of Public Health. (2017, April). Respiratory Health. Retrieved December 5, 2018, from https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/RespiratoryHealth/RespiratoryHealth6.html Lemanske, R. F., Busse, W. W. (2010). Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 125(2 Suppl 2), S95-102.

The Civil Field Or Clerical Support - 1165 Words

In today’s society it is frowned upon if any gender is excluded from employment opportunities or types of jobs. Up until recent years, the military totally excluded women from certain combat jobs due to their gender. â€Å"For most of the history of the U.S. military women have only served in roles in the medical field or clerical support† (Barry,19). Some of this is due to the different physical abilities between genders; cost of logistics and military effectiveness. We should not make every combat arm Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) of the United States military gender neutral. â€Å"Women were made a permanent part of the military, by Congress following World War II, through the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act of 1948† (Karmarck,3).†¦show more content†¦This was repealed in 1994 and replaced with the Direct Ground Combat and Assignment Rule, also known as the Direct Combat Exclusion Rule. The rule states: â€Å"Service members are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground, as defined. Direct ground combat is engaging an enemy on the ground with individual or crew served weapons, while being exposed to hostile fire and to a high probability of direct physical contact with the hostile force’s personnel. Direct ground combat takes place well forward on the battlefield while locating and closing with the enemy to defeat them by fire, maneuver, or shock effect.†() This rule prohibited women from serving in any combat arms units (infantry, armor, artillery, combat engineers, air-defense artillery), special forces unit or any support units that are co-located in the same area with these units. These policies have been evolving ever since until the Secretary of Defense rescinded the Direct Ground Combat and Assignment Rule in 2013 requiring all branches of the military to integrate women into combat roles and have an implementation of new policies concerning these changes no later than January 1, 2016. The currently in today’s society, leaders worldwide are

The Indian Distribution Network Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Indian Distribution Network. Answer: The Indian distribution network consists of retail network, wholesale network and logistics infrastructure. The retail network consists of around nine million outlets like, traditional outlets, grocers stores, specialized stores, service outlets, supermarket and online stores. The wholesalers buy products from the manufactures and after that sell it to the retailers. The wholesaler performs storage, credit provision, information provision and bulk breaking for manufacturers. The logistic infrastructure is based on the warehouse network, which is influenced by mostly the taxation structure and partly by transport, distance and demand inspection (Lilien and Grewal 2012). As many hawkers sell newspapers and magazines throughout Mumbai and they have limited budget, I would like to offer some percentage of money from my total budget of the new periodicals for distribution and selling. The strategy depends upon how one could convince those hawkers. However, if one is sure about that his or her periodical will be sold; it would not be very difficult to convince someone, especially if one offers money in return of the service. The convincing part depends upon how one is able to influence, persuade, advise and project his product to the distributors. The art of convincing is the leadership quality that one has to achieve for effective communication with others. In terms of international distribution channels, I would like to suggest to companies such as Apple to gain a larger market share in India that the producer directly sells his products to the retailer, who would sell this product to the end consumer. In this distribution channel there is only one intermediatory, which is the retailer. Another suggestion could be using the direct distribution model where the producer, the Apple Company would directly sells its product to the end consumer using its own platform in India (Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy 2012). I would like to implement strategies like an alternative distribution model instead of traditional model, which seems to be inadequate in the context of growing urbanization where seventy to seventy-five percent of rural districts started to move from their current reality towards urbanization in terms of purchasing power and per capita income. The alternative model would analyze the sales benchmark for an area based on the population of that area and the market potential value data, which is the purchasing potential of a specific market (Armstrong et al. 2015). The advantages of doing business in the emerging markets like India is that it offers new wants or need, so, the new business can easily penetrate in the market. There are other advantages of starting up and maintaining business in India like first moving and early success in business, access to the new capital as the emerging market is new and virgin. The disadvantages include cultural risks and limited protection. A new businessperson should know the cultural perspective of the product, which he is going to sell. There is a chance for limited protection in corruption for doing business in the emerging countries (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Akcal 2012). References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Cavusgil, S.T., Ghauri, P.N. and Akcal, A.A., 2012.Doing business in emerging markets. Sage. Lilien, G.L. and Grewal, R. eds., 2012.Handbook on business to business marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012. International marketing. Naper Press.